Preheat the oven to 390°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, toss the cauliflower florets with 2 tablespoons of olive oil, curry powder, cumin, garlic powder, turmeric, salt, and chili powder (if using). Spread evenly on the baking sheet and drizzle with the remaining 1 tablespoon of olive oil.
Roast for 25–30 minutes, flipping halfway through, until tender and golden. Set aside to cool.
In a medium saucepan, bring the vegetable broth to a boil. Add the pearl couscous and cook according to package instructions (usually 8–10 minutes), until al dente. Drain any excess liquid if needed, then fluff with a fork and let cool.
In a small bowl, whisk together the tahini, lime juice, water, garlic powder, cumin, salt, and pepper. Add a splash of water if needed to thin to your desired consistency.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooked couscous, lentils, roasted cauliflower, red onion, cranberries, and parsley. Pour over the tahini dressing and toss until well coated.
Sprinkle with toasted almonds just before serving. Enjoy warm or chilled.